SYNERGISTIC ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF CURCUMA LONGA EXTRACT AND VACCINATION ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL, AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES IN BROILER CHICKENS

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory and antiviral potential of Curcuma longa (turmeric) extract in broiler chicks challenged with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV). A total of 120-day-old broiler chicks were procured from a local hatchery and randomly allocated into four groups with five replicates each. Group A served as the negative control (NC), Group B as the positive control (PC), Group C received curcumin extract at 2g/kg feed, and Group D administered both curcumin extract (2g/kg) and IBDV. Daily records of morbidity and mortality were maintained. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly improved (P<0.05) in Groups C and D compared to Groups A and B. Both humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed through lymphoproliferation assays using tuberculin and Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBCs). Group D showed a marked increase in absorbance values and SRBC response compared to Groups A and B. The packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Group D compared to Group B, with no notable difference from Group A. Serological analysis revealed a significant rise (P<0.05) in antibody titters in Group D relative to controls. Additionally, Groups C and D demonstrated elevated total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations. Liver function enzymes were notably reduced in Group D, and serum urea and creatinine levels were also suppressed. Gross and histopathological evaluations of lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and thymus) indicated significant improvements in size and cellular integrity in Group D. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of Curcuma longa extract at 2g/kg of body weight enhanced immune responses and offered protective effects against IBDV in broilers. The findings suggest that curcumin not only complements vaccination but may also serve as a natural alternative to conventional antiviral therapies, potentially reducing resistance concerns. These results highlight curcumin’s role as a promising immunostimulant in poultry health management.