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Abstract
Anemia, a widespread and significant health concern, is a condition resulting from a lack of iron and is considered a serious global problem within the public sector. Anemia is diagnosed when hemoglobin levels fall below 11 g/dL in children aged 6–50 months, and below 11.5 g/dL in children older than 5 years. The abnormal erythrocytes cells affects to the blood smear slides due to depend on the hemoglobin level or ranges for diagnostics and evaluating stages of anemia include Hemoglobin (HB; %), Haematocrit (HCT; %), Red blood cells (RBCs; %), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV; %) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC; %) used to measure the hemoglobin level in the patients, gender-vice with different age groups. Blood samples (n=250) of male and female were collected from the Pathology and Diagnostic Research Laboratory, at jhooly lal diagnostics laboratory and Al- Hyder diagnostic laboratory Nawabshah, Shaheed Benazir Abad from 1 August to 30 October in 2023 year. Samples were collected from the anemic patients by normal ranges compare to abnormal range according to the age groups, respectively. In these parameters shows different range of HB% level in anemic patients by RBCs range (4.7 to 6.1 Mil/cumm), HCT range (41 to 50 %), Hb level rang (14 to 18 g/dl), MCV range (80 to 100 fl), MCH range (27 to 31 pg) and MCHC range (32 to 36 G/dl). Data are divide into four age groups, 1-20, 21-49, 41-60 and 61-80 with gender differences ranges in these age groups shows the different ranges in the anemia affected patients including abnormal anemia affected erythrocytes cells are describe the three categories microcytic, macrocytic and normocytic and normochromic also shows as the size shapes and color in the inside red blood cells from patients samples. Our study revealed a significant variation of Anemia in patients with low Hb levels poses a multifaceted challenge, necessitating a comprehensive approach for accurate diagnosis and effective management.