ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN MODERN DENTISTRY: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the capability of machines to perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. Within AI, machine learning (ML) and its subdomain, deep learning, have enabled systems to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and improve their performance over time. ML can be categorized into supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning, each with specific applications in healthcare. In recent years, AI has made remarkable progress in the medical field, including dentistry. Its integration into dental practice has led to significant improvements in diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care. AI technologies have shown great promise in the early detection of dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancers, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. Additionally, AI has enhanced the precision and efficiency of procedures in orthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and operative dentistry. Despite these advancements, the widespread use of AI in dentistry raises important ethical and legal concerns. Key issues include patient data privacy, accountability in the event of misdiagnosis or harm, algorithmic bias, and the potential for technical errors. While AI offers benefits such as faster and more accurate diagnostics, reduced clinician workload, and improved access to care in underserved regions, it cannot fully replace human judgment and empathy. Instead, a collaborative approach, combining AI capabilities with clinical expertise, holds the greatest promise for the future of dentistry.