Abstract
Hypervirulent and Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a global threat due to its versatile genome which varies geographically. This pathogen is notorious for causing a variety of nosocomial infections especially in immuno-compromised individuals. It harbours various virulence factors such as capsule, enzymes, pili, fimbriae, plasmids, siderophores all of which are encoded by gene or genes clusters present on either chromosome or plasmids that make this pathogen hypervirulent and resistant to multiple drugs, by capturing exogenous genes from within the same species or between different species. Capsular polysaccharide possesses more than 100 antigens which should be targeted by forming vaccine. As geographical distribution of plasmid encoding genes and non plasmid encoded virulent genes is different, whole genome sequencing of isolated K. pneumoniae should be done at large scale worldwide in order to design a new and complex vaccine as well as specimen specific antibiotics for this pathogen, to be given worldwide. In addition, designing of siderophore receptors inhibitors hence disrupting organism’s metabolism will also be a key threat for organism’s survival. This review will discuss molecular patterns that are key players of antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae and provide suggestions regarding permanent eradication of this global pathogen.